The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA)
A sweeping law that reshapes U.S. policy through massive tax cuts financed by deep changes to social programs and a significant increase in the national debt.
~$4.2T
Total Cost with Interest
-$4.5T
Net Tax Reductions
+$1.1T
Net Spending Reductions
The Fiscal Architecture
The OBBBA's core is a fundamental trade-off: large, permanent tax cuts are only partially paid for by significant changes to social programs, resulting in a substantial increase in the national debt over the next decade.
Who It Affects: A Tale of Two Policies
The law creates different outcomes for different groups. It delivers permanent tax relief that largely benefits corporations and wealthier individuals, alongside temporary, targeted cuts for specific workers. Simultaneously, it tightens eligibility for social programs affecting millions of low-income families.
Tax Policy: Permanent vs. Temporary
These provisions, extended from the 2017 TCJA, form the fiscal core of the bill and disproportionately benefit higher-income households and corporations.
20% Pass-Through Deduction
Permanently allows many businesses to deduct 20% of their income.
Higher Estate Tax Exemption
Permanently raises the amount exempt from estate tax to $15M+.
Business Investment Expensing
Allows 100% bonus depreciation for equipment and R&D.
Social Program Impact
10.9 Million
Projected to Lose Health Insurance
Primarily due to new Medicaid work requirements and administrative hurdles.
22 Million
Families Projected to Lose SNAP Benefits
Due to expanded work requirements and changes to benefit calculations.
✨ Your Personal Impact Analysis
Curious how the OBBBA might affect you? Select a profile to get a personalized analysis generated by AI, based on the bill's key provisions.
Policy Deep Dive
Explore the specific changes across major policy areas, from healthcare and social welfare to energy and defense.
Healthcare: "Restructure and Constrain"
Instead of repealing the ACA, the OBBBA weakens it by imposing new rules on Medicaid and allowing premium subsidies to expire. This comparison shows the evolution of strategy from the failed 2017 "Repeal and Replace" effort.
ACA (2010)
- Expanded Medicaid eligibility
- Provided income-based subsidies
- Regulated private insurance
AHCA (2017 - Failed)
- Sought to repeal ACA mandates
- Aimed to cap Medicaid funding
- Proposed work requirements as a state option
OBBBA (2025 - Enacted)
- Federally mandates Medicaid work requirements
- Limits state financing tools
- Lets enhanced ACA subsidies expire
A Nation Divided
The OBBBA was met with unified Democratic opposition and deep public skepticism, revealing a stark partisan divide over its merits and likely impacts.